Transitivity - Revision history

imported>Lancioni at 19:54, 24 April 2017

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	:to kill oneself = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to kill)		:to kill oneself = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to kill)

	;Unergative x ~~Unnaccusative~~		;Unergative x Unaccusative
	Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "~~unnacusative~~", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:		Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unaccusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:
	:unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)		:unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)
	:~~unnacusative~~ (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" suffers the action described by the verb)		:unaccusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" suffers the action described by the verb)

	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===

imported>Martins at 14:42, 22 March 2014

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	Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unnacusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:		Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unnacusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:
	:unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)		:unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)
	:unnacusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" ~~rather~~ suffers the action described by the verb)		:unnacusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" suffers the action described by the verb)

	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===

imported>Martins at 14:42, 22 March 2014

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	;Unergative x Unnaccusative		;Unergative x Unnaccusative
	Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unnacusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:		Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unnacusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:
	*unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)		:unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)
	*unnacusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" rather suffers the action described by the verb)		:unnacusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" rather suffers the action described by the verb)

	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===

imported>Martins at 14:41, 22 March 2014

2014-03-22T14:41:49Z

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	;Unergative x Unnaccusative		;Unergative x Unnaccusative
	Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unnacusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:		Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unnacusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:
	**unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)		*unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)
	**unnacusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" rather suffers the action described by the verb)		*unnacusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" rather suffers the action described by the verb)

	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===

imported>Martins at 14:41, 22 March 2014

2014-03-22T14:41:19Z

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	}}		}}

	~~These values are normally not mutually exclusive, i.e.,~~ the same verb normally may have many different transitivity values. However, in order to avoid representing all possible transitivity values, we always try to represent the "native transitivity" of a verb, i.e., the one that includes only the necessary arguments normally required by the root in order to form the simplest maximal projection.		=== How to define the transitivity of a verb ===
			The same verb normally may have many different transitivity values. However, in order to avoid representing all possible transitivity values, we always try to represent the "'''native transitivity'''" of a verb, i.e., the one that includes only the necessary arguments normally required by the root in order to form the simplest maximal projection.

	Consider, for instance, the case of "to read", in English. It can normally be found as:		Consider, for instance, the case of "to read", in English. It can normally be found as:
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	:to make love = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to make)		:to make love = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to make)
	:to kill oneself = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to kill)		:to kill oneself = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to kill)

			;Unergative x Unnaccusative
			Intransitive verbs may be either "unergative", when the subject is the agent of the action described by the verb, or "unnacusative", when the subject is not the agent. Compare, for instance:
			**unergative (NERG) = run (the subject of "run" initiates the action described by the verb)
			**unnacusative (NACC) = fall (the subject of "fall" rather suffers the action described by the verb)

	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===

imported>Martins at 11:44, 12 December 2013

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	;Different transitivity values mean different senses		;Different transitivity values mean different senses
	:The same verb may have different transitivity values, but only when associated to different UWs:		:The same verb may have different transitivity values, but only when associated to different UWs:
	::John lives in Paris = ~~intransitive~~ (~~NTST~~) (live = reside)		::John lives in Paris = indirect transitive (TSTI) (live = reside)
	::John lives a nightmare = direct monotransitive (TSTD) (live = experience)		::John lives a nightmare = direct monotransitive (TSTD) (live = experience)

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	:I considered him to be an excellent choice = I considered [that he was an excellent choice] = direct monotransitive (TST) and not ditransitive		:I considered him to be an excellent choice = I considered [that he was an excellent choice] = direct monotransitive (TST) and not ditransitive

	;Transitivity is a property ~~of the verb and not~~ of the whole multi-word expression.		;Transitivity is a property of the whole multi-word expression and not only of the verb.
	:to make love = ~~to make = direct monotransitive~~ (~~TSTD~~) and not ~~intransitive~~		:to make love = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to make)
	:to kill oneself = ~~to kill = direct monotransitive~~ (~~TSTD~~) and not ~~intransitive~~		:to kill oneself = intransitive (NTST), and not transitive (to kill)

	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===

imported>Martins at 11:41, 12 December 2013

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	This principle leads us to the following general rules that should be applied to the transitivity:		This principle leads us to the following general rules that should be applied to the transitivity:


	;Objects are to be considered elliptical (hidden) in verbal constructions if they can be inferred from the context.		;Objects are to be considered elliptical (hidden) in verbal constructions if they can be inferred from the context.

imported>Martins at 11:41, 12 December 2013

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	The same applies to most English verbs, i.e., the actual transitivity of a verb depends on the context.<br />		The same applies to most English verbs, i.e., the actual transitivity of a verb depends on the context.<br />
	However, in the dictionary, i.e., in the absence of any context, we cannot represent all these possibilities, because this would actually prevent us from using the transitivity value in a productive way. We try then to understand "to read" in isolation, and include only the minimum set of arguments that is really required by the verb in order to form its most conventional syntactic structure. The verb "to read", for instance, seems to require only two arguments: the subject (who reads) and the object (what is read). This would normally suffice, being the other transitivity values a sort of extrapolation of this original (native) transitivity structure. For instance, in the intransitive and in the indirect transitive use, we could say that that the object is actually there, but elliptical; on the other hand, the ditransitive use would involve a complement (the recipient) that is normally optional.		However, in the dictionary, i.e., in the absence of any context, we cannot represent all these possibilities, because this would actually prevent us from using the transitivity value in a productive way. We try then to understand "to read" in isolation, and include only the minimum set of arguments that is really required by the verb in order to form its most conventional syntactic structure. The verb "to read", for instance, seems to require only two arguments: the subject (who reads) and the object (what is read). This would normally suffice, being the other transitivity values a sort of extrapolation of this original (native) transitivity structure. For instance, in the intransitive and in the indirect transitive use, we could say that that the object is actually there, but elliptical; on the other hand, the ditransitive use would involve a complement (the recipient) that is normally optional.

			This principle leads us to the following general rules that should be applied to the transitivity:

imported>Martins at 11:39, 12 December 2013

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-Is "John bought a car to Mary" a grammatical sentence in some dialect of English?  No one in my family thought so, and I don't know what it would mean. Maybe the same as "John bought a car for Mary?" (I'm a native speaker of US English.)--[[User:Rogerwo|Rogerwo]] 19:13, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
+'''Transitivity''' is a category that indicates the number of objects a verb requires or takes in a given instance.
-Since the correct answer to the CLEA250 question 235 ("He was sent a postcard.") was TST2, should the following rule be added?
+== Natural language ==
-Subjects are to be considered elliptical (hidden) in passive voice verbal constructions.
+{{#tree:id=nl_TRA|openlevels=0|root=Transitivity (TRA)|
-    John was given five dollars = (Someone) gave John five dollars = ditransitive(TST2)
+*no transitivity (NTRA): copula and linking verbs
---[[User:Rogerwo|Rogerwo]] 20:47, 19 May 2011 (UTC)
+*transitive (TST): has object
-Since a Google search shows up 4 results for "bought a car to her", I think it's fair to assume that this is a mistake. I have edited the article - hope I'm doing the right thing.
+These values are normally not mutually exclusive, i.e., the same verb normally may have many different transitivity values. However, in order to avoid representing all possible transitivity values, we always try to represent the "native transitivity" of a verb, i.e., the one that includes only the necessary arguments normally required by the root in order to form the simplest maximal projection.
---[[User:John|John]] 13:04, 6 December 2011 (UTC)

imported>John at 13:04, 6 December 2011

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	--[[User:Rogerwo\|Rogerwo]] 20:47, 19 May 2011 (UTC)		--[[User:Rogerwo\|Rogerwo]] 20:47, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

	Since a Google search shows up 4 results for "bought a car ~~for~~ her", I think it's fair to assume that this is a mistake. I have edited the article - hope I'm doing the right thing.		Since a Google search shows up 4 results for "bought a car to her", I think it's fair to assume that this is a mistake. I have edited the article - hope I'm doing the right thing.
	--[[User:John\|John]] 13:04, 6 December 2011 (UTC)		--[[User:John\|John]] 13:04, 6 December 2011 (UTC)