Multiword expression - Revision history

imported>Martins at 11:33, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:33:18Z

@@ Line 145: / Line 145: @@
 :*by copying features of the separable part to the head of the multiword expression
 ::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back],+FEATURES FROM %y); (copy some features from the separable part to the head of the multiword expression and delete the separable part<ref>The features to be copied must be explicitly informed, i.e., GEN=%y, or NUM=%y, etc.</ref>)
 == Notes ==
 <references />

imported>Martins at 11:18, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:18:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:18, 19 November 2014
Line 136:		Line 136:
	*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:		*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:
	:*(VA[back],%x)(^[back],%y):=(%y)(%x); move the verb to the right until it finds its adjunct		:*(VA[back],%x)(^[back],%y):=(%y)(%x); move the verb to the right until it finds its adjunct
			::*[bring][him][back] >> [him][bring][back]
	*parsing		*parsing
	:*(V,%x)(NP,%y):=(VB(%x;%y),+LEX=V,+XB=VB,+GOV=%x,%new); (create an intermediate projection XB out of a V + NP and assign to it the values of the verbal head)		:*(V,%x)(NP,%y):=(VB(%x;%y),+LEX=V,+XB=VB,+GOV=%x,%new); (create an intermediate projection XB out of a V + NP and assign to it the values of the verbal head)
	::**[bring][him][back] >> [VB(bring;him)][back]		::*[bring][him][back] >> [VB(bring;him)][back]
	Once the discontinuity has been eliminated (i.e., all the separable parts of the multiword expression are contiguous), the entry can be merged:		Once the discontinuity has been eliminated (i.e., all the separable parts of the multiword expression are contiguous), the entry can be merged:
	:*by simply deleting the separable part (if the tokenization is already correct, i.e., the head of the multiword expression is mapped to the correct UW)		:*by simply deleting the separable part (if the tokenization is already correct, i.e., the head of the multiword expression is mapped to the correct UW)

imported>Martins at 11:14, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:14:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:14, 19 November 2014
Line 143:		Line 143:
	::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back]); (delete the separable part if they are contiguous)		::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back]); (delete the separable part if they are contiguous)
	:*by copying features of the separable part to the head of the multiword expression		:*by copying features of the separable part to the head of the multiword expression
	::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back],+FEATURES FROM %y); (copy some features from the separable part to the head of the multiword expression and delete the separable part<ref>The features to be copied must be explicitly informed, i.e., GEN=%y, or NUM=%y, etc.)		::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back],+FEATURES FROM %y); (copy some features from the separable part to the head of the multiword expression and delete the separable part<ref>The features to be copied must be explicitly informed, i.e., GEN=%y, or NUM=%y, etc.</ref>)

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==
	<~~reference~~ />		<references />

imported>Martins at 11:12, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:12:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 19 November 2014
Line 146:		Line 146:

	== Notes ==		== Notes ==
	<~~references~~ />		<reference />

imported>Martins at 11:12, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:12:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 19 November 2014
Line 144:		Line 144:
	:*by copying features of the separable part to the head of the multiword expression		:*by copying features of the separable part to the head of the multiword expression
	::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back],+FEATURES FROM %y); (copy some features from the separable part to the head of the multiword expression and delete the separable part<ref>The features to be copied must be explicitly informed, i.e., GEN=%y, or NUM=%y, etc.)		::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back],+FEATURES FROM %y); (copy some features from the separable part to the head of the multiword expression and delete the separable part<ref>The features to be copied must be explicitly informed, i.e., GEN=%y, or NUM=%y, etc.)

			== Notes ==
			<references />

imported>Martins at 11:12, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:12:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 19 November 2014
Line 136:		Line 136:
	*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:		*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:
	:*(VA[back],%x)(^[back],%y):=(%y)(%x); move the verb to the right until it finds its adjunct		:*(VA[back],%x)(^[back],%y):=(%y)(%x); move the verb to the right until it finds its adjunct
	~~::*[bring][him][back] >> [him][bring][back]~~
	:*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back]); merge the nodes (by deleting the adjunct, since "bring" has been already mapped to the UW "bring back", or by assigning values of the separable part to the head of the multiword expression)
	~~::*[him][bring][back] >> [him][bring]~~
	*parsing		*parsing
	:*(V,%x)(NP,%y):=(VB(%x;%y),+LEX=V,+XB=VB,+GOV=%x,%new); (create an intermediate projection XB out of a V + NP and assign to it the values of the verbal head)		:*(V,%x)(NP,%y):=(VB(%x;%y),+LEX=V,+XB=VB,+GOV=%x,%new); (create an intermediate projection XB out of a V + NP and assign to it the values of the verbal head)
	::**[bring][him][back] >> [VB(bring;him)][back]		::**[bring][him][back] >> [VB(bring;him)][back]
	:*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back]); (~~same as above~~)		Once the discontinuity has been eliminated (i.e., all the separable parts of the multiword expression are contiguous), the entry can be merged:
	::**[VB(~~bring;him~~)][back] >~~> [VB(bring;him~~)]		:*by simply deleting the separable part (if the tokenization is already correct, i.e., the head of the multiword expression is mapped to the correct UW)
			::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back]); (delete the separable part if they are contiguous)
			:*by copying features of the separable part to the head of the multiword expression
			::*(VA[back],%x)([back],%y):=(%x,-VA[back],+FEATURES FROM %y); (copy some features from the separable part to the head of the multiword expression and delete the separable part<ref>The features to be copied must be explicitly informed, i.e., GEN=%y, or NUM=%y, etc.)

imported>Martins at 11:06, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:06:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 19 November 2014
Line 133:		Line 133:
	According to this dictionary structure, sentence (1) above will be tokenized as:		According to this dictionary structure, sentence (1) above will be tokenized as:
	*<nowiki>(1) [bring][ ][him][ ][back]</nowiki>		*<nowiki>(1) [bring][ ][him][ ][back]</nowiki>
	as if "bring" and "back" were completely different entries ~~(although linked to the same UW)~~, ~~which~~ can be merged, later on, during the [[transformation]] phase. This can be done through:		as if "bring" and "back" were completely different entries. However, these entries can be merged later on, during the [[transformation]] phase. This can be done through:
	*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:		*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:
	:*(VA[back],%x)(^[back],%y):=(%y)(%x); move the verb to the right until it finds its adjunct		:*(VA[back],%x)(^[back],%y):=(%y)(%x); move the verb to the right until it finds its adjunct

imported>Martins at 11:05, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:05:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 19 November 2014
Line 132:		Line 132:
	*<nowiki>[back]{}"back"(LEX=A,POS=ADV)<en,0,0>;</nowiki>		*<nowiki>[back]{}"back"(LEX=A,POS=ADV)<en,0,0>;</nowiki>
	According to this dictionary structure, sentence (1) above will be tokenized as:		According to this dictionary structure, sentence (1) above will be tokenized as:
	<nowiki>*(1) [bring][ ][him][ ][back]</nowiki>		*<nowiki>(1) [bring][ ][him][ ][back]</nowiki>
	as if "bring" and "back" were completely different entries (although linked to the same UW), which can be merged, later on, during the [[transformation]] phase. This can be done through:		as if "bring" and "back" were completely different entries (although linked to the same UW), which can be merged, later on, during the [[transformation]] phase. This can be done through:
	*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:		*reordering words in the preprocessing phase:

imported>Martins at 11:05, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:05:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:05, 19 November 2014
Line 128:		Line 128:
	If we represent <nowiki>[bring back]</nowiki> as one single dictionary entry, the system will never match sentences as:		If we represent <nowiki>[bring back]</nowiki> as one single dictionary entry, the system will never match sentences as:
	*(1) '''Bring''' him '''back''', please!		*(1) '''Bring''' him '''back''', please!
	The only solution is then to split discontinuous multiword expression in as many separable parts it may have, i.e.,:		The only solution is then to split discontinuous multiword expression in as many separable parts as it may have, i.e.,:
	*<nowiki>[bring]{}"bring back"(LEX=V,POS=VER,LST=MTW,GOV=VA([back],A),...)<en,0,0>;</nowiki> where GOV=VA([back],A) describes the subcategorization rule to form the entry (i.e., the verb requires the adjunct [back], which is an adverb)		*<nowiki>[bring]{}"bring back"(LEX=V,POS=VER,LST=MTW,GOV=VA([back],A),...)<en,0,0>;</nowiki> where GOV=VA([back],A) describes the subcategorization rule to form the entry (i.e., the verb requires the adjunct [back], which is an adverb)
	*<nowiki>[back]{}"back"(LEX=A,POS=ADV)<en,0,0>;</nowiki>		*<nowiki>[back]{}"back"(LEX=A,POS=ADV)<en,0,0>;</nowiki>

imported>Martins at 11:04, 19 November 2014

2014-11-19T11:04:29Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Multiword Expressions (MTW) are lexical structures made up of a sequence of two or more lexemes. They can be concatenated ("darkroom", "skinhead") or isolated by hyphens ("blue-green", "African-American") or blank spaces ("round table", "part of speech"). Multiword expressions can be continuous ("get over") or discontinuous ("get <something> together"). They correspond to compounds ("fireman", "hardware"), phrases ("in spite of", "take into account"), idioms ("kick the bucket", "play cat and mouse"), fragments of sentences ("and so on", "whatever the case") or sentences ("Every evil is followed by some good", "No flies enter a mouth that is shut"). Multiword expressions may also include acronyms (such as "UNESCO"), multiple-word contractions (such as "don't") and blends (such as "sitcom") that are still analysable (differently from "radar" and "motel", which are represented as simple words). Classical compounds ("agriculture", "photograph") and their derivations ("agricultural", "photographically") are treated as simple words if they do not include more than one free morpheme. Phrasal verbs ("give in", "come across") are treated as multiword expressions.
-== Multiword expressions formed by a single inflectional element ==
+== Multiword expressions in the UNLarium ==
 ;Lemma
 :The lemma of a '''continuous''' multiword expression is the multiword expression itself ("part of speech");
@@ Line 40: / Line 43: @@
 :*behind <person>'s back: base form = "behind", frame = Y1 (irregular), subcategorization rules: PC(NA([back];ANM,GNT));
-== Multiword expressions formed by several inflectional elements ==
+=== Multiword expressions formed by several inflectional elements ===
 Multiword expressions may consist of several different inflectional elements. In Latin, for instance, the expression "lingua franca" involves two words: "lingua", a noun, and "franca", an adjective, both inflectional, and the latter must agree with the former in number, gender and case, as follows:
 {| border="1" align="center" cellpadding="5"
@@ Line 87: / Line 90: @@
 *SUBCATEGORIZATION FRAME = Y0 (avalent: "lingua franca" does not require any specifier or complement)
-== Multiword expressions formed by coordination ==
+=== Multiword expressions formed by coordination ===
 Multiword expressions formed by coordination such as "oranges and apples", "cloak and dagger", "smoke and mirrors", etc, are normally invariant and, in these cases, do not offer any problem, because lemma = base form, and there are no composition rules. There are, however, expressions such as "twist and shout" that may be inflected: "twisted and shouted", "twisting and shouting", etc. In these cases, the whole syntactic structure has to be analyzed in order for the system to handle all possible combinations.
 *LEMMA = twist and shout
@@ Line 99: / Line 102: @@
 *INFLECTIONAL PARADIGM = M16 ("twist" is a regular verb)
 *SUBCATEGORIZATION FRAME = Y32 (Somebody ----s)